Are Turkish Dramas Evading Our Culture Essay

The contrary dramas ar attacking our culture and these be non according to our culture After a contentious time of the Indian dramas, flat numerous Turkish plays ar giving rise to shady hype not only in our television drama assiduity nevertheless also in the minds of the general public. As a motion of fact, it is true that our local drama production is invoking the interests of thousands and millions of viewers and most of these spectators are finding these plays appealing decorous to follow.However, in recent times it has been find that some foreign television content is trying to induce a substantial place in our country. Unfortunately, somehow a Turkish nonparallel ISHQ-E-Mamnoon was aired break and after a few weeks it ended up by getting exultant high ratings. After the broadcast of this feature play, a slipstream is started among the different TV channels to get foreign content and present to the public, in order to gain high ratings.When broadcasters and mess a re basking this dubbed so called change, they forgot to think all this activity is turning expose to be a veridical threat to the local pains as well as the integrity and culture of our nation. There is also a small group of people who is trying to back up these serials, but I think these people might disremember what Indian dramas give up through with our acculturation in the recent past. Because of these plays, our adolescents (especially girls) induct started out to follow their language.In fact, several words were became the part of their vocabulary and they used these words into their modal(prenominal) discussions. After ascertaining the severity of this issue our civil society and television industry have reckonn some measures and banned all the Indian channels. scarce now we have to cope with another scourge which is a tummy more dangerous than the previous one. We need to observe what sort of cognitive content these Turkish dramas are trying to convey? Are the stori es of these plays fair enough to watch with our parents, brothers and sisters?Of course not and that is the main reason why it is considered as infectious to our culture and nation by our producers, writers, actors, directors and now public as well. These Turkish serials are full of bold scenes, which is totally against our moral set and they are just becoming the cause of raising the level of saltiness and vulgarity. All in all, our music and film industry is neither gummy nor strong. This is only the television industry that is producing high caliber dramas and bringing out the talent nd acting of impeccable quality and it should not have to endure the same issues as our film and music industry are confronting.Apart from our cultural and moral values, these Turkish serials are also menace the future of thousands of actors, directors, cameramen, writers, producers, spot boys and other individuals who are directly or indirectly associated with our local drama industry. Although, a good and positive aspect is that our actors are united and they are unitedly saying the Turkish or each other foreign content should not hijack the viewership of our local dramas.If we take a close look at the history of subcontinent then it is not very hard to find the same interference of the popular eastern hemisphere India Company that eventually became the main reason of Subcontinents separation. However, right now things are quite under control and still it is too gigantic to anticipate any resemblance with this specific issue. Although our government must have to take impertinent and smart actions in order to avoid the forceful effects on our culture as well as on economy which is depending on our drama and entertainment industry.

The Creation of Writing

Mr.. Orwell uses symbolism in his book as a infinite holder for tying In other thing In the book, which would be irony and relevancy. Mr.. Orwell deals with the Idea of truth. On page 81 of 1984, it states, Stones are hard, piddle is wet, objects unsupported fall toward the earths center.. Freedom is the freedom to say that deuce plus two make four. Orwell explains that truth exists especially when it Is right in front of you. In the article, impartiality and freedom In Rowels 1984, David Dawn, the author, says ..Truth is the way our statements sum up with the world. This really Justifies why truth in Rowels book is so important. Truth is one of the reasons why Winston tries to stay sane throughout the book. Orwell also symbolizes objects In the way they are portrayed. One of the other characters, Julia, was a symbol of being a rebel with a cause, and gluing you more than what meets the eye. On page 31 of 1984, it says Thought Police could all be swept into nothingness by a si ngle splendid movement of the arm. That too was a motion belonging to the ancient time.This really gives you the proof that Cilias odd Is precious and meaner something to Winston In the article, Dissent, Assent, and the embody of Nineteen-eighty four, Naomi Jacobs writes the importance of Cilias body.. It states, To imagine the removal of clothing, and the revelation of the hidden body as having such political power This tells you that Orwell does a tremendous line of products with focusing on one object and having It mean multiple things. Orwell Is an keen writer because he uses symbolism as a focus stay for his book in telling this story. Orwell also stresses the importance of relevancy our advanced world.

Faculty Member Participation in Decision-making of Universities Essay

Decisions encapsulate and encompass the people and organization that make up every institution or organization. The closes and those ma power them ring atomic number 53 another to contain an accurate and precise notion of how they essential to be perceived gener eithery. In this effect, those that argon not accounted for in the determination reservation puzzle out ar not reflected in the notion of cognition by society. T hither(predicate)fore, I am proposing that the aptitude outgrowth must be given ample respect and opportunity in the terminations of the university.This proposal shall hence center its attention at the learn module fellow sections of University of Nottingham in Australia and king Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The main issue that is a gamble here is the pry and importance of including the lasts of a process of a precept module in the overall lasts in the university. The underlying implication here is to ask whether or not the conclusiveness of a mental faculty stave member leave behind be beneficial or detrimental to the university.Moreover, pragmatically communicate, the ending process of any university must take into consideration the ideas and contributions of all(prenominal) cater and school official collect to the feature that each of them knows what is chance in the university from their own demo of run across and at the uniform quantify, they will similarly be affected by the decisions they make. The decision that does not acknowledge other related aspects that send packing be attributed to it such as those that a faculty staff member mickle bring in make decisions will not be as encompassing as it should be.It is and so a privilege to make this consider and be equal to(p) to sh expose this stand of revolutionizing the decision devising process in the university so that it may truly encapsulate the truly nature and purpose of what it really heart and soul to make the d ecisions. And at the same time, this explore will draw the billet to where darkness has already made its niche the unheard voices of the teaching staff members. Relevant Theories and Literature People say that reservation decisions is like speaking prose because they do it all the time knowingly and unknowingly.It is thus hardly strike that the topic of decision making involves many disciplines, from mathematics to statistics, by dint of political economy and political science, to sociology and psychology (Kahneman and Tversky, 2000). Still, there ar even some who equate and compare the nature of decision making to that of the game of chess analyzing the multifactorial and multiple implications that it entails (Katsenelinboigen, 1997). While on the other hand, there are those who entrust on statistical and mathematical facts administering decision theory (Berger, 1980).The tariff of decision making and taking decisions are considered the essence of the administrative proce ss as emphasized by Simon (AL Masri, 1989) since it forms an important part of the positions needed by human-centred institutions including higher educational institutions. Academic sections in university faculties of different specialties are considered a means for satisfying universities basic objectives as 80% of administrative decisions are taken at the level of departments (Athuhaibti, 1981).The schoolman department, as seen by Anderson, is the academic unit that involves specialists in investigate, teaching and other academic aspects. Decision making in the administrative sphere consists of terzetto basic pillars. The first one is most the availability of a human soul in a position that has its special circle. Secondly, it also important to destine in those circumstances to find an outlet to them. And lastly, it is vital to think right to be able to ensure an effective outlet or a suitable alternative.In another aspect, if this is seen from a statistical perspective, t he decision making aspect of e rattling problem tooshie actually be formalized through an definitive specification covering the available decisions, the items of cost and gain involved in making the decisions and the relevant probability distributions (De Groot, 2004). Therefore, it is of great importance and of bulky value that a teaching staff member in a universitys department to be given the amount of respect in sharing the responsibilities in making the important decisions with regard to the university whether it is in a wide-ranging collection plate level or in a small scale level.Such a person must be heard and be given signifi nett attention for the very reason that the person who can make the best, most(prenominal) practical and most meaningful decisions are the very persons who are affected by the issues at hand and also the very persons for whom the decision will be made in the first place. How can anyone make a concrete and feasible decision if the very person mak ing the decision does not even fully understand and detect the root and effects of the very decision itself? Moreover, it must be abruptly imperative that superiors deal with their subordinates under the bases of psycho humanitarian manners.What is essential to understand here is the fact that every person must be treat as a human being and not just a mere willing tool carrying out tasks. People must never be treated as a mere object disregard their moral feelings and existence who are just as affected by the environment and the natural surroundings like everyone else regardless of their race, gender, color, ethnicity, educational attainment, and nationality. As a result, eliminateership should pay attention to the needs of their subordinates in a serious way.Thus, another essential thing is the value of loyalty. Loyalty here is not lopsided where in one side shall receive all the values while the other lifts the burdens of responsibility. The subordinates must be loyal to th eir leaders, and in the same way, the leaders must be loyal and even responsible for their subordinates. At the end of the day, both sides must naturalize as one and ingest that loyalty and responsibility does not only come through carrying out decisions, but more importantly, it is about the successful dialogue and affair in decision making by all.The subject matter of this take away shall overturn into the necessity and the relevancy of the involvement of the teaching staff members in the decision making process in the administrative arena qualifying and valuing their decision making contributions and capabilities not only for the betterment of the university but for the growth and outgrowth of the teaching staff members as well. This will then give acceptance and moral boosting performance and efficiency to their respective academic fields.This will progress create more new and viable ideas that are usually unobserved and ignored due to the massiveness of certain issues t hat are encountered in the decision making process. In addition, this will greatly lessen the burden of responsibility and the pressure of infallibility carried by the higher officials. Some institutions and organizations find the decision making process to be so relatively important that computer-based decision funding governing bodys have been invented to assist decision makers in considering the implications of various courses of thinking and table service reduce risk in human errors (Flyvbjerg, 2006) athletic field Methodology This query shall depend in studying the subject and issues at hand through an analytical descriptive method. The research method will follow any deduction that takes this phenomenon from psychological and educational aspects as it is in present time for the purpose of diagnosing, revealing and identifying the relationships among its components or among educational, psychological or social aspects (Al-Ghanem, 1988).The central point in this research me thod is seeing the interconnectedness and most importantly, the interdependence of every aspect and relationship that the faculty staff member has with the university. Empirical Work With regard to the empirical data that needs to be collected for this research, the primary source to look with respect to this proposal is the system of the university itself. This comprises of knowing who makes the decisions and how these people make them.The university structural hierarchy will give an ample specification of the decision making process in the university. Moreover, the opinions of the faculty staff members and school officials in relation to the decision making process will be a good foundation for this research. It is also of considerable value in tackling this issue by understanding the location and casing of universities that will be assesses as well as the country or culture of the faculty staff members and school officials who will be involved. This research will concentrate on two universities as mentioned.The advantage of this is that the research will have a vast and diverse analysis on the matter and will not be limited by the boundaries that are set by the geographical location. The disadvantage of this research might be seen in the inconsistency in any information gathered. This may come out because of location of the universities and also the willingness of people to give truthful and relevant information. It is expect that this research may cause hesitancy to certain people due to the delicate issue it is asserting. Study ImportanceThe importance of this study arises from the fact that it is going to 1. Highlight the necessity of opening new horizons to a teaching staff member concerning the optimal method of participating in decision making so as to be an active member in promoting administrative work, which in turn also serves as an academic work done by the member himself. 2. Help the teaching staff member in employing and enhancing his variou s abilities and techniques in fields widening their knowledge diversion from teaching, i. e. getting him outside the closed circle of academic work as well. 3.This study will transform and alter the terms of knowing the participation of a teaching staff member in decision making in University of Nottingham and King Saud University. 4. Add new information and recommendations that help and benefit in increasing the effective participation of a teaching staff member in decision making in those two universities. Study Objectives This study aims to identify teaching staff members points of view or cognition regarding their participation in making decisions in University of Nottingham and King Saud University and in a way that is more defined this current study aims at the side by side(p)1. Identifying the goal of teaching staff members participation or contribution in university decision making in University of Nottingham and King Saud University. 2. Knowing the extent of residual i n the points of view of the subjects of the study sample concerning participation in decision making with the difference of study variables. 3. Identifying the grad of importance of teaching staff member in university decision making by perceiving it through three dimensional studies the academic dimension, the administrative dimension and the financial dimension.4. Diagnose the obstacles that can lead a teaching staff member not to inscribe in making university decisions. Let it therefore be stated that this study tries to state out the motives and value of the teaching staff members in participating in decision making process at the level of the University of Nottingham in Australia and king Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as the factors that hamper or hinder their participation in an effective and beneficial way. Study QuestionsThe researcher will discuss his study questions with respect to the objectives mentioned above, therefore, the study will revolve around the following four questions Question (1) How besides or to what extent can a teaching staff member of the University of Nottingham inscribe in the universitys decision making process from the point of view of the study sample individuals? Question (2) How far or to what extent can a teaching staff member of the King Saud University participate in the universitys decision making process from the point of view of the study sample individuals? Question (3)Are there any statistical differences among the points on view of the study sample subjects concerning the participation extent in university decision making in accordance with demographic variables (gender, nationality, academic degree and experience)? Question (4) Does the degree of extent of a teaching staff members participation in university decision making differs towards the three dimensional study the academic dimension, the administrative dimension and the financial dimension with the demographic variables gender, nationality and the difference in job (administrative and non administrative)?Question (5) What are the obstacles or hindrances that lead the teaching staff member from refraining or from being prevented to participate in university decision making from the points of view of study sample individuals? Conclusion I am therefore optimistic that this research can revolutionize or change the traditional way of how faculty staff members, school officials and universities think and interact in their own school communities. This research can further foster dialogue with regard to the conflicts that may arise between faculty staff members and school officials.This research can also bring about beneficial and better improvements to the university as a whole through having a comprehensive decision making process. This research makes an original contribution in the issue at hand because of the diversity in the information and subjects that are discussed which are not limited to only one cultur e, system or location thereby filling the gaps of other related researches that have narrowly focused in a limited subject and area. Finally, this research can expand to improving educational systems as a whole and also foster a developmental analysis on faculty staff member or school officials as indivudals.References 1. Al-Masri, Ahmad Mohammad. (1989) Communications, Decisions and their Effectiveness in Administration, Dubai, Dar Al-Kalam. 2. Berger, jam O. (1980) Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis. 2nd ed. Springer serial publication in Statistics. 3. Best John, translated by Abdullaziz Ghanem Al-Ghanem and revised by Adel Izziddin Al-Ashwal. (1988) Educational look Methods. Al-Kuwait Institution for Scientific Development, The Directorate of writing, translation and publishing, Al-Kuwait. 4. De Groot, Morris. (2004)Optimal Statistical Decisions. Wiley Classics Library. 5. Flyvbjerg, Bent. (2006) From Nobel clams to Project Management Getting Risks Right. Proje ct Management Journal, vol. 37, no. 3, idealistic 2006, pp. 5-15. 6. Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos. (2000) Choice, Values, Frames. The Cambridge University Press. 7. Katsenelinboigen, Aron. (1997) The Concept of Indeterminism and Its Applications Economics, Social Systems, Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, and Aesthetics Praeger Westport, Connecticut.

Sorporate unethical behaviour Essay

You have been exposed to several cases of corporate wrong behaviour. Ethical misconduct of senior executives appear to be at the nitty-gritty of these scandals. In Australia, the mob Hardie Industries asbestos case has been featured in the media for some time. The participation has been accuse of causing over half of the number of documented cases of mesothemilia, a lung cancer caused by asbestos. In your in-class essay writing, you are required to do the following.1. Using utilitarianism, discuss dickens reasons each in favour of, and against, James Hardie executives conduct.2. As summarised in your week 2 tutorial exercise, reflect in your essay, how your views concerning responsible business have been influenced byyour research for this assessment task, andby your engagement with the subject matter of COMM101.3. Referencing and citationsThe two references provided below should be used in your essay but are only starting points for your research. On their own, they are not suff icient. A requirement of this assessment task is that you should choose to your tutor, as an attachment to your essay, a list of references consulted whilst preparing for this essay. This list should be cited in your essay and prepared using a word processor and produced via a printer. Ensure you follow the referencing guidelines set out in your subject outline. As a guide, we expect that you should have consulted at least six references (including the two mentioned below) in preparing for this assessment task.1. occupy One Philosophers Approach to blood Ethics in your textbook, Shaw et al (2013), pp.105-112. Use the content to develop your essay.2. Read and use the content from the Australian Securities and Investments Commissions stopping point in James Hardie Penalty Proceedings (Tuesday 13 November 2012), available at http//www.asic.gov.au/asic/asic.nsf/byheadline/12-275MR+Decision+in+James+Hardie+penalty+proceedings?openDocument

Hrm Case Essay

Case SummaryRandstad, transaction agency, has taken a distinct approach in staffing its somebodynel into compact teams. Employees argon companioned up into teams of two, typically atomic number 53 from Generation X and the former(a) from Generation Y. The extreme age gap between team parts has turn out to be a success for the organization, because both soulfulnesss stern learn from champion an some some other. Despite the fact that one team member may attain more experience than the other, all members of the team argon each others equal. The members tasks are constantly alternating, each week one person is out making sales calls, and the other is in the office interviewing authorization workers and handling paperwork (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, et al, 2010, p. 264). As a result, this team ground of approach of staffing honest-to-god experienced personnel with younger developing staff members has increased the organizations guardianship rate and productivity levels (No e, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, et al, 2010).Questions1. Personnel selection decisions typically are based on the fit for one person for one job. In what expression does Randstads use of federation teams alter the typical way one might think about selection decisions? While other organizations are looking for for particular features in an single for a iodine position, Randstad is looking for meticulous characteristics and qualities that are going to be complimentary with the other member. In addition, Randstad must also ensure that give the gatedidate has the proper qualities and skills to successfully virtuoso(a) the positions tasks. Randstad has to look at the selection process as fitting two puzzle pieces together, finding the proper fit. Just because an singular is good for the position doesnt mean that he or she pass on be a good pair with the member. The human resources staff must carefully find the proper ying and yang to each team that is set up.2. What are some personal characteristics that might be viewed positively when staffing a single job, but that might actually be viewed negatively when staffing confederacy teams?When staffing a single job, a positive characteristic to look for is an individual who on a regular basis uses I in his or her statements (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, et al, 2010). This type of response indicates the individual throw some form of accountability which is imperative for an employee who will be working(a) alone. However, this characteristic isnt necessarily functional for staffing partnership teams where communal behaviors are necessary to be successful. In addition, an aggressive competitor might be ideal for a single position because it shows that the employee will be rich and eager to achieve and exceed goals. This characteristic is not ideal for a partnership position that works together as one unit. Because an individual is naturally competitive by nature, he or she might not be willing to stand back and be le ad by the other team member.3. Randstad deliberately creates mutant in age when forming partnership teams. In what ways might younger workers and older workers be in a position to uniquely support each other when working in sales teams?Having a variance in age when formulating partnership teams creates an advantage and allows both individuals to uniquely support each other. The experience and lore of Generation X can be shared with Generation Y. there are many obstacles that the team member can guide their partner through because they admit encountered similar situations and issues in the past. In addition, the younger individual can incorporate a sense of modernization into the team. The case theater touched on a particular situation where Benjamin suggested they pop out to use the electronic payroll system (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, et al, 2010). This example illustrated a scenario where the younger team member was able to bring a efficiency to the team. In addition, the cas e study mentions that the partnership allows younger team member to come over the corporate world more personal, approachable (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, et al, 2010, p. 264).4. Other than age, what other types of traits or abilities might one want to see when creating variance in partnership teams? Besides age variance as being the distinct characteristic in a partnership team, there are a a few(prenominal) other traits or abilities that can be used to create variance in a team. Culture is a great foundation for setting up successful teams. Diversity in culture can have many positive influences in a team environment. The distinction in mannerisms and values can be shared between teammates. Background experiences can be another bases for establishing partnership teams. Teammates that have different experiences and knowledge can assist one another in accomplishing goals successful. For instance, one team member might be very knowledgeable in areas of technology and the other indivi dual might be well informed with the companys policies and procedures. Both individuals together can be a unique and complimenting arrangement.ReferencesNoe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. (2010). benevolent Resource Management Gaining a competitive advantage 6th Ed. sassy York, USA McGraw-Hill

Outline for arts speech †story of Hamlet Essay

IB TOK R31. Story of settlementA. settlement son of late king Claudius, mother remarried less(prenominal) than 2 months after her husbands death.B. Ghost of late king visits small town and tells him that the new king murdered him.C. Hamlet lashes forth at everyone virtually him, including his love Ophelia.D. Hamlet plots to kill kingE. Hamlet stages a move called The Mousetrap, in which a king is murdered by his brother, who then takes up with his wife, Claudius freaked out and Hamlet Claudius is guilty.F. Hamlet visited his mother and derides her for taking up such man.G. Polonius, Ophelias father, hid himself in Gertrudes, Hamlets mother, room behind a curtain. When he calls out for help, Hamlet kills him thinking that it is the king.See more(prenominal) strategy format for essayH. Because of the murder, Hamlet is sent to England and when he returns to Elsinore, he jar againsts a funeral-taking place, he finds that Ophelia has drowned. Her brother Laertes, blaming Hamlet for the death his father and sister, challenges Hamlet to a duel.I. At the duel, Laertes poisons his blade to make sure Hamlet pull up stakes die. At the same time, Claudius inserts a poison pearl into a wine loving cup in hope that Hamlet will drink it.J. Every outstanding character dies Gertrude gets to the cup first, and dies. Laertes wounds Hamlet with the poison blade, Hamlet mortally wounds Laertes. Hamlet then finds out that Claudius put poison in the cup and he goes after the king and kills him. Then Hamlet lies down and dies.K. This swindle is frequently referred to as the one in which everybody dies.2. Differences between the twoA. Mel Gibson version enjoin by Franco Zeffirelli1. Starts differently2. Only 135 min. cut out broad sections.3. High number of extra- poove actually seems to gravel power4. burnish -can relate5. Play-in-play with spoken spoken language- a great deal more importance- used by hamlet as proof.6. Seemed to be made to retell an old story7. Switched virtually to make it more entertaining8. Said by a tyro to be written for the massesa. shortb. cut out dialogue- easier for coarse people to understandc. fun to watchB. Olivier as hamlet enjoin by himself1. Starts as the play does2. Less extras- King seems to rule no one3. 155 min -missing huge sections4. Play-in-play in mime less importance done to jab at the king and queen for what they have done5. New interpretation of an old story6. Black and flannel can non relate to lack of color as swell up7. Friends of Hamlet left field outa. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern not inb. Allows Hamlet to be less deranged8. Better sword play- build more suspense as to who will win9. Cinematography changes feeling Darkera. castle is dark and so is the sky, see more of the dark skyb. Humor is cut out3. Differences in HamletA. Soliloquies in Olivier to self allows him to get closer to subjects, inner turmoil, in Zeffirelli it is out loud, insanity1. Kill Claudius when praying2. To be or not to beB. In Zeffirelli- acts much more insane- wild eyed, over the top.C. In Olivier- much more reserved, caustic when speaking.4. Other differences in charactersA. Queen Gertrude1. In Oliviera. actress is 29 years old Olivier is 41- looks strangeb. drinks the poison knowing that she will die- to economise Hamlet, a noble death2. In Zeffirellia. Devastating and tragic death- didnt knew that the cup was poisoned, more of an impact on viewers.B. Ophelia1. In Zeffirellia. Completely mad, gives out bones and sticks and calls them flowers2. Oliviera. Semi-mad, more out of it than insaneC. Dead King1. Zeffirellia. King looks like he is alive and is just back visiting not freighting2. Oliviera. Never see the face of the king, comes surrounded in fogb. shiveryc. See the murder acted out5. ConclusionA. Way the director influenced my perception of the story1. Same story, many of the same lines, same characters, but different feelings emitted from both.a. Zeffirelli humorous, have fun w atching it makes the ending more tragic more of a dramatic changeb. Olivier is dark always fell that something howling(a) is going to happen end not as devastatingc. Polonius Words, words, wordsB. Olivier version constitutes what I believe to be a masterpiece when hobby Clarks definition from unit four of our book.1. follows all of the guidelinesa. The original play by Shakespeare that it is based off of fills the first 5 requirements as well as the last.b. Oliviers version creates the feeling of complete supremacy of the artists art. Whereas Zeffirellis is entertaining but not a masterpiece.c. Oliviers version won 5 Oscars, Zeffirellis, none.Show preview only

Perkin Warbeck Essay

Explain why Perkin Warbeck roosted a affright to the pledge of total heat septenary for so m both years.Perkin Warbeck was the second Yorkist histrion to the English throne aft(prenominal)ward Lambert Simnel was defeated at the Battle of Stoke in 1487. among the years 1491-99, he posed a significantly destabilising flagellum to hydrogen VII in dynastic terms, impersonating Richard of York, the younger son of Edward IV. The successes of Warbeck, which led him to remain a threat to the Kings security, may be generally categorised into the support from foreign powers during this period and discontent existing in England due to atomic number 1s modes of ruling with relation to sustaining an authoritative and value status both within his own realm and abroad. Whilst it is possible to argufy such a concept of a threat, Warbeck was eventually executed in November 1499, demonstrating in a modern context that the Kings apprehension of this pretender was one of great concern for his position.Steven Gunn has suggested that total heat was a supplanter and carried with him the problems of this title. Upon taking the English throne, it was inevit up to(p) that Henry would face opposite word to his rein, particularly in consideration of his lack of familiarity with English politics and those supporters of the Yorkist claim. With the friendship that Richard III intended John de la rod to inherit the public opinion poll and having already fought at the Battle of Stoke to secure his position, it would seem well-nigh equally likely that Henry would be a paranoid typeface by the time that Perkin Warbeck came to attention, and he could not predetermine the reactions of the De la terminus family, who were largely responsible for the pretenders.It is significant not only that Warbeck was the second build of discontent within Henrys reign, but also that governmental unsettlement had been apparent under his predecessor also a usurper. Henry is likely to halt feared reaching the same fate as Richard III, whose reign had been plagued with suspicions touch the Princes in the Tower controversy and indeed, the dating of his coronation to appear trio days in the first place his victory at Bosworth suggests paranoia existing even before his rule. Thus Warbeck is best viewed in one sense as a non- military threat, being an encouragement of this paranoia through the exploitation of Henrys potentially weak position. He reminded the King of the existence of dissatisfaction within his own country and later among foreign powers.The princes had never been seen again and were presumed murdered by their uncle, Richard III. In this way, there was an immediate simplicity for Warbeck to exploit the lack of clarification as to what had happened to them. Whereas Lambert Simnels claim was flawed in that Henry was able to parade the true Earl of Warwick through London during the crisis, Warbeck was imitating Edward IVs younger son, Richard of York. Hence this crisis was much more serious, for Henry was unable to prove the existence of the true Richard and if Warbeck truly was the prince he impersonated, his claim to the English throne would have been superior to that of Henry. The threat of Warbeck was enlarged by the context in which it occurred those female genitals the pretender were able to follow a potentially fatal method by which Henrys position could be destabilised.In club to ascertain why any pretender to the throne would become a prolonged threat, the nature of the sovereigns rule must be evaluated. The view of Steven Gunn could be expanded upon to maintain that Henrys rule naturally had characteristics of that of a usurper unlike a hereditary milkweed butterfly, he required more stringent methods of discipline to enforce his position as a ruler. In addition to passing attainders against those involved with the pretenders (Edmund de la Pole was fined 5000 to inherit some of his brothers lands and never inherit ed the dukedom of Suffolk for his involvement with Simnel) Empson and Dudley greatly assisted in coordinating the annexd using up of bonds and recognisances against subjects.Then in 1497, Perkin Warbecks forces rallied the rebels during the second Cornish Rising in protest against raised taxes to support the invasion of Scotland and together, they nearly took the city of Exeter. In this way, it can be observed that Warbeck becoming a threat was in a paradoxical sense Henry needed to use more powerful methods of rule to secure his own position and dynasty than an ordinary monarch due to his status, though the discontent which such methods brought about led to obstinate individuals turning to the diversion of Warbeck.Threats in military terms from Perkin Warbeck during this period may be largely attributed to foreign support. Indeed, Warbeck potentially had concern also from noblesse such as Sir William Stanley, as Margaret of Burgundy, sister of Edward IV, proclaimed him as her long-lost nephew. The utilization of France was crucial in causing Warbeck to remain a threat to the security of Henrys position. In 1491, he moved to the French court of justice and was treated similarly to a prince by Charles VIII, which illustrated to Henry a initiative of an invasion the French had funded his own invasion of England in 1485 to overthrow Richard III, and the topic could potentially have been that this claimant was genuine.The threat was heightened by Charles discontent in 1492 after Henrys assistance of the Duchess of Brittany in an attempt to retain her liberty from France, whilst the 1489 Treaty of Medina del Campo with Spain led the French to encourage James IV of Scotland to run over England. It was Henrys invasion of France in 1492 which appeared to be a really drastic action with regard to this pretender it was clear that with foreign military backing, his position could be significantly threatened. However, in this respect, it must be illustriou s that the threat was not Warbeck as an individual, but rather the concept of the proceeding and those supporting him. He became a focalize for French discontent with Henry VII in the same way that he had been a Yorkist focus in England.A prolonged threat from any pretender to any throne can always be attributed to discontent with a monarchs rule. Conformingly, Perkin Warbeck was often able to exploit this to enlist support and increase opposition to the King. It is clear that the level of foreign support given to the pretender ultimately was the greatest contributing factor in threatening Henrys security due to the possibility of a successful invasion, though the paranoia and the methods of rule enlisted to secure his dynasty were equal factors in causing Warbeck to remain a threat. In contrast, it is very significant that Warbeck was never a primary threat as an individual, but merely a strong secondary threat behind the foreign powers and nobility that supported him it was the concept that destabilised the position of Henry VII.

Importance of College Education

Student score Student Identification Number Course Number and Title ENG110. 6. 3 Achieving Academic Excellence Assignment Number and Title Writhing sagacity 5_06 Date of Submission April 10, 2013 The importance of a college education to me give resign me grow professionally as well personally. Obtaining my degree depart gain ground me by tendinging me get the proper education to help merely my career I chose in Human Resources. It pass on open a whole new world for me and allow me to grow. I can earn my degree which is very important because I want to be financially stable and have a career in Human Resources.College will open doors and provide me with better opportunities than just having a high groom diploma. Having a college degree for me would help me achieve what I want and where I want to go. That is to have a stable seam and have a decent income coming in so I can support comfortable. One of my reasons for me to go back to college is my only son. He is thirteen d irectly and I am hoping to get my degree before he graduates break of high school. I want him to have a positive mathematical function model to look up to. I want him to understand what a college education can provide to him if thats the path he chooses after(prenominal) high school graduation.My lifelong goals sent me back to school so I can better my life and show my son what a college degree can take you. Im hoping it will help me get a better job so that I will be able to provide for myself and my son. According to Mr. Scott Reed with a definite, little by little ah, what a difference it makes You cannot fail, because each step carries you along to the next, like a track. One can be more competitive in the growing job market. Having a college degree is going to help me act what I want and will help me grow personally and professionally.I chose to just my education at Ashworth because of the flexibility of taking classes online and being a in force(p) time mom and having a full time job, Ashworth made it possible to go back to school. In this day and age its intemperately to get a good paying job or having a career without obtaining a college education. By achieving a college degree I will have improved my chances of acquiring a great paying job in Human Resources. Bibliography Successstories. com 2011 http//www. successories. com/iquote/author/4072/scott-reed-quotes/1

Critical Analysis of Women Behind Bars Essay

More and more than women-mothers, grandmothers, wives, daughters, and sisters argon doing hard prison house house time in all across the United realms. many an(prenominal) of them be liner the prospect of yrs, decades, unconstipated feelingtimes fag bars. Oddly, in that respects been little public discussion roughly(predicate) the dramatic increase of women in the prison body of rules. What exactly is happening here, and why? This paper impart be a critical analysis of the accommodate, Women derriere disallow The Crisis of Women in the U.S. prison System. This paper go awayIntroductionJournalist Silja Talvis Women backside nix The Crisis of Women in The U.S Prison System is an overview of bonks affecting incarce measured women. The goal of the book Women stub disallow is to increase the aw arness to the highest degree the growing state of women prisoners. Women place forbid presents a number of important issues regarding women prisoners. Incarc erated womens stories represent a dist unhingedation of the larger forces that affect free women like racism, sexism and economic pressure.For these causas, Silja Talvi explains, lockd women should non be forgotten, despite the stigma of their iniquitous convictions and their forcible removal from the alliance (Talvi, 2007). Additionally, though incarcerated women may be locked up, they should non be overlooked. Women Behind proscribe succinctly illustrates some of the important connections involving the War on Drugs, racial dissimilitude, health check neglect physically and psychologically, and the high rate of substance outcry and physical and k straightledgeable iniquity among incarcerated women. Silja Talvis aim is to shed light on what has contributed to this historic phenomenon of the mass incarceration of women in the United articulates (Talvi, 2007).This paper leave alone give background on how Silja J.A. Talvi researched the increase of egg-producing(pre nominal) incarceration. This paper will in like manner give insight surrounding the line of works of the women, who Silja J.A. Talvi interviewed, faced term incarcerated. Additionally, outside resources pertaining to the issue of women in prison will be mentioned throughout this paper.Finally, an communicate opinion ground on the collection of outside t each(prenominal)ing and whatwas lettered from the book will be presented. Silja J.A. Talvi bases her account on interviews with women prisoners. Silja J.A. Talvi had in-person and bring for warfared interviews with roughly one hundred women prisoners over a two year span. She besides received letters from approximately three hundred women down bars. In addition, she interviewed more than a dozen women who has been releases form discard or prison. Silja J.A. Talvi stayed in regular contact with fifty women locked up in oralise and federal prisons in s regularteen secerns.In addition, Silja Talvi visited he womens county jails in Los Angeles and San Francisco, as intimately as the Seattle/King County detention facility for juveniles. Silja Talvi also spent a fair amount of time talking with and acquisition from low-income women on Seattle streets who were willing to talk about their encounters with law enforcement and incarceration. Internationally, Silja Talvi was also minded(p) permission to visit three womens prisons, including the European Unions biggest womens prison, Holloway, in London, England the sole female prison on Hameenlinna, Finland and a provincial Canadian prison in British Columbia.Silja Talvi focuses on these women because she believes that incarcerated females be the dear about misunders likewised population in the vast U.S. incarceration system (Talvi, 2007). These accounts from the women interviewed will further the insight on the realities of female incarceration. Further on this topic of incarceration, the author, Silja J.A. Talvi has reconciled that the United States has more people in prison than any other nation. By mid-2006, the total number of women and men in prison rose to over 2.24 million, representing a signifi spatet increase from forward year (Harrison & Beck, 2006).Relatively speaking, more than one thousand prisoners atomic number 18 added to the prison and jail system every single week (Harrison & Beck, 2006). Meanwhile, the number of incarcerated fully grown women has jumped by a shocking 757% since 1977, at some twice the rate of male prisoners (Harrison & Beck, 2006). The number of women in prisons and jails has reached a milestone, explains Kara Gotsch, director of advocacy for the Sentencing view in Washington, DC.One of the main reasons why women argon being locked up at an alarming rate is a result of a form _or_ system of government of mass incarceration. Mass incarceration is a rate of incarceration so high that it affects not lone(prenominal) the individual wrongdoer, but also livelong hearty groups. (American Academy of humanities & Sciences, 2011) Pursuing further, another main reason ofthe increase of incarceration of women atomic number 18 the sentencing policies brought about by the war on drugs. At the Federal level, prisoners incarcerated on a drug charge carry half of the prison population, while the number of drug offenders in state prisons has increased thirteen-fold since 1980.Most of these people ar not high-level actors in the drug trade, and most turn out no prior criminal memorialise for a violent offense. (sentencingpolicy.org) According to an excerpt in the Journal of Criminology, women are more credibly to serve time for drug-related offenses and are less likely to serve time for violent offenses. (Lalonde & Cho, 2008) In addition, with the passage of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, women began to be arrested and charged with impunity, and were threatened increasingly with conspiracy charges if they didnt snitch on their husbands, boyfriends, family member and acquainta nces. Women were interrogated and threatened if they did not cooperate and these women would face serious repercussions.(Talvi, 2007) numerous of the women that in state or federal prisons are offset-time, non violent offenders sentenced on drug conspiracy charges. These women are armed service far longer sentences than most prime(prenominal)-time offender rapists, child molesters, or so far murdered convicted of second leg murder or aggravated manslaughter. Furthermore, to a far greater form than men, women come into the system with histories of familiar, physical detestation, domestic violence, rape, and rational illness.In this perceive it is believed that our country is in crisis. Undoubtedly, because in that respect are so many women locked up, in that respect are a plethora of puzzles that incarcerated women face on a twenty-four hour period- after(prenominal)-day basis while in prison. Some of these problems include informal spoil and misconduct, medical neg lect, deficient mental health treatment, and also discrimination found on gender, race and sexual orientation.Experiences of extreme violence and sexual step in womens prisons are far worse and far too common than most Americans realize. In the United States, sexual assault by guards in womens prisons is so notorious and widespread that it has been described as an institutionalized component of punishment behind prison walls (Davis, 1998). Today it is estimated that at least 40% of guards in womens prisons are men. In some female prisons, the majority of employees are men.(Talvi, 2007) In these kinds of settings, on that point are violations of womens privacy, as well as visual and verbal abuse by the male guards. Today, one in four women reports having been sexually abused while being injail or prison (Talvi, 2007). In addition to reports of violent restraint and punishment resulting in abrasions, completes, bruises and thus far broken bones, women stated that they were subje cted to humiliating strip searches and verbal molestation. Talvi explains that most of the women she interviewed in these prisons are in fear to even say anything about their abuse because of the likeliness to face the wrath of prison guards.The prison guards will cut visitation and phone privileges, take away prized possessions, and threaten these women and their families with bodily deadening. On another note, According to Kim Shayo Buchanan, in an article called, Beyond Modesty retirement in Prison and The lay on the line Of Sexual Abuse basically explains, if women are being victimized by male guards in prison, it does them no harm to expose the problem by saying so. It is pointed out that b lose women are often discouraged from speaking out about sexual abuse because of concerns that, by speaking out about sexual harassment by faint men, black women will reinforce negative racial stereotypes about Blacks in general and about Black men in particular.(Buchanan, 2005) Further more, unable(p) formal procedures, legislation and reporting capacity inside the United States prison system account for much of the ongoing sexual abuse of women. In several instances, guards who were disciplined for the abuse of women were reprimanded to the minimum degree. The frequency of sexual harassment and abuse in a prison surroundings is a unremitting reminder of how little power the women hold in over their lives once they are sentenced to do time.The sexually intrusive or abusive nature of these experiences in prison has a devastating impact on a womens likelihood of achieving a healthy and prospered reentry in fellowship.When women leave jail or prison, with even more traumatic experiences heaped upon their life experiences, these women might prevail low self-esteem issues, shame and rage. Within the book, Silja Talvi explains, that these women who do re-enter into society, prove any number of serious problems continuing mental and/or physical illness the likeli hood of an interruption of their treatment and medicines loss of custody of their children trammel procreation or alimonyer opportunities a lack of safe or stable housing and the temptations to indulge in drug use or criminal activity. If these factors are in place, it is believed that these women will find themselves back in the prison system intertwined in a vicious cycle.Secondly, a problem that is also plaguing womens prisons is medical neglect and deal outlessness. While medical care for all prisoners is poor, the spotlight is far worse for women prisoners. Because prison health care systems were created for men, routine gynecological care, such as pap smears, breast exams and mammograms, is extremely rare in prisons. (Talvi, 2007) Care is frequently only administered once the situation sires an emergency. In addition, women are denied essential medical resources and treatments, especially during times of gestation period and/or chronic and degenerative diseases.There i s also failure to imply seriously ill inmates for treatment and delays in treatment, cutbacks in budgets, lack of choke personnel, inadequate supplies, and use of non-medical staff, charges for medical attention, inadequate re profitable health care, and lack of treatment for substance abuse. In the same sense, a factor that magnifies the harshness of physical illnesses and disease is a nutrient poor, high fat diet. Fruits and vegetables are nearly non-existent in prisons. Relatively speaking, the extensive overcrowding in some of these prisons lends itself to a concentration of mental and medical health problems that the prison system was never designed to handle (Talvi, 2007).Thirdly, deficient mental health treatment is a serious issue when dealing with the incarceration of females. 48-88% of women inmates experienced sexual or physical abuse before coming to prison, and suffer post-traumatic stress disorder. really few prison systems provide counseling. Women attempting to access mental health go are routinely give medication without opportunity to undergo psychotherapeutic treatment. (Amnesty International, 2011)The overuse of jails and prisons to treat mental illness in society is convoluted itself. galore(postnominal) of these women would be better served by intensive treatment programs and connection based care rather than being thrown and twisted in prisons. The environment of prison can make an inmates mental health worse, not better. Most prison systems lack treatment settings and programs for these prisoners.For instance, most state prisons, refused admittance to a psychiatrical inpatient unit if inmates have a record of violent episodes writes Kupers in Prison Madness. they tend to wind up in super maximum arrestment, where the harsh conditions and forced idleness change state their mental disorders, followed by more disruptive behaviors on their part andeven longer terms in lockup. (Kupers, 1999) A majority of the corrections employ ees are not trained in any extent in psychological science or social work, and are most generally uneducated about the common symptoms of various psychiatric disorders and states of emotional distress. In these prisons that Talvi had visited she felt that on that point is high level of ignorance and outright hostility toward the mentally ill.The separation surrounded by mental health and disciplinary is lacking in many of the prisons. In a book called Prison Madness, Terry Kupers, an expert in psychiatric issues in prison criticizes this issue of mental illness treatment within prisons. When behaviors on the part of mentally disordered prisoners-including suicide attempts, self-mutilation, rule breaking, and even some minor violent incidents-are secondary to their mental disorder, they should not be handled entirely as disciplinary infractions requiring punishment.Too often, disruptive acts are hardly punished and the possibility that they reflect an imminent psychotic episode or a have for immediate psychiatric attention is never even considered. (Kupers, 1999) In light of the issue surrounding the treatment of the mentally ill prisoners, suicide rates within in these prisons are at an increase. An tec appointed by U.S. District Judge Lawrence Karlton took a look into the mental healthcare in the state prison system, and to find out a reason behind the increase in suicides.It was found that prisoners in overcrowded and short-handed Administrative Segregation units are killing themselves in unprecedented numbers. narrowing a suicidal inmate to their cell for twenty-four hours a day only enhances isolation and anti- therapeutic. (Talvi, 2007) In addition to insufficient substance abuse and mental health services, groomingal and vocational programs are also in short supply. Several studies (Pollock-Byrne, Morash, Haarr, and Rucker) found that female prisons domiciliateed fewer vocational and education program opportunities when compared to those offered in male institutions.Educational program opportunities could service successful integrate these incarcerated women back into the community. Lastly, discrimination based on gender, race and sexual orientation is a significant matter of contention in womens prisons. The growth in incarceration has had its greatest impact on minorities, curiously African Americans. Over a five-year period, the incarceration rate of African American women increased by 828%. (NAACP LDF Equal Justice, 1998.) too, according to Amnesty U.S.A,the racial disparity revealed by the crack v. powder cocaine sentences insures that more African American women will land in prison. Although 2/3 of crack users are white or Hispanic, defendants convicted of crack cocaine possession were 84.5% African American. picnic is the only drug that carries a mandatory prison sentence for first time possession in the federal system. (prisonpolicy.org) Women are most defenseless to different forms of discrimination, including sexual harassment or abuse. Women that do not fit the norm, such as lesbians, face increased risk of torture and abuse. some(prenominal) of the prisoners Silja Talvi had interviewed expressed their grief about always getting taunted because of their sexual orientation.The issues confront lesbians and bisexuals in the criminal justice system arent just control to what goes on behind bars. One study conducted by Victor Streib, a professor of law at Cleveland State University points to the possibility that lesbians, or women who do not appear to appear feminine, may be victims of harsher sentencing. In addition, lesbian or non feminine women who had entered the prison system may very well have less if a shot at an early release. (Streib, 2002) serviceman declines Watch has documented categories of women who are likely targets for sexual abuse. Perceived or actual sexual orientation is one of four categories that make a female prisoner a more likely target for sexual abuse, as well as a target for retaliation when she reports that abuse. (HRW, 2010) These issues facing these women in the criminal justice system are not just limited to what goes on behind bars. In conclusion, based on the development provided from Women Behind Bars and many outside resources, the incarceration of women is at an all time high. Most likely, the number of incarcerated women will increase in the upcoming years unless the problem of mass incarceration is solved permanently.I line up as that as a result of drug laws, women are now a fast growing segment of the U.S. prison population. It is my belief that women are particularly vulnerable to such policies as mandatory minimums, because they are more likely than men to be incarcerated for drug-related or petty, non-violent property crimes. It is these arrests that are madcap their high rates of incarceration.The problem of women in prison is directly buttoned to current US drug policy. For the last ten years, researchers have argu ed that the war on drugs has become a war on women (Belknap, 2002 Bloom & Chesney-Lind, 2000 Owen, 2000 & 1998, Cheney-Lind, 1997). In my opinion, one of severalalarming statistics is, The Bureau of Prisons reports that almost 80% of their female population is incarcerated for drug-related offenses. Relatively speaking, I think factors of poverty, psychosocial problems, mental illness, histories of trauma and abuse, and elaboration in abusive relationships can lead up to a life of criminal behavior in women.Furthermore, based on information, statistics, and stories provided from the book Women Behind Bars and also from outside resources, it is my conclusion to say that many things could be altered within the prison system. First of all, I believe in that location are simply far too many women in prison for enough people to be drawn to the difficult job of guarding and rehabilitating these women and addressing their postulate. With the information that has been researched, womens prisons are poorly equipped to deal with the range of issues and needs of an ever-increasing female population. One of the things that struck me when reading the book is the degree to which jails and prisons have become Americas new mental health facilities.Also in regards of the issue of incarcerated mentally ill, I believe that basic education could be provided to correctional staff. Furthermore, guards could be taught to calm and talk the dangerous mentally ill women down from fits of paranoia, anxiety, or distress. Also, many of these women would be better served by intensive treatment programs and community-based transitional care, instead of just being thrown into the prison system. Furthermore, I feel that the extreme abuse of women in prison is a serious problem.I believe this action also harms society because it decreases the legitimacy of the justice system. If society cannot trust those responsible for guarding our prisons to behave properly, there is little hope for the rehabilitation of women in prison. Personally, I feel the prison has a place, but it is not in the persecution of non-violent females. I think there can be a lot more rehabilitation for these women. Many of these women in prison have emotional and psychological issues and because of the abuse, discrimination, and medical neglect, it is only going to make matters far worse. An excerpt from Silja Talvis Women Behind Bars that I found captivating that summed up a lot of what the book was about is, Imprisoned girls and women deserve a chance to heal from gone abuse, and to learn from their life experiences and the nature of their crimes.Before women and released, they must be given the tools to ensure that their reintegrationinto society is not fraught with immediate economic and social struggle, and to help increase the odds that they will be released into families or communities that will actually support their reintegration. Former prisoners must be given the productive tools to bec ome productive members of society that is, if they werent productive already, and if they even infallible to be locked up in the first place.In general, women in prison arent given one iota of the emotional, social and vocational skills they need to overcome the vast hurdles awaiting them beyond the gates that have confine them for years or decades on end. (Talvi, 2007) In closing, I never accomplished to a great extent of the problem of women in prison. This book, Women behind Bars and also many outside resources has enlightened me on the growing issue of female incarceration. Women in prison is a problem in itself, hence leading to all of the other problems these women face while in prison. I believe the struggles that women go through, go unnoticed, and more people should be assured of the increasing problem.Finally, I feel that Silja J.A. Talvis book Women Behind Bars can help focus attention on this growing population of women prisoners, and maybe one day something can be make about this increasing issue.According to the text, women represent the fastest growing segment of the criminal justice system increasing 757% between 1977 and 2004, a rate nearly 2 times the percent increase in the male offender population. The number of women involved in the US criminal justice system doubled during the 1990s (Beck, 2000). An estimated 68 in every 100,000 U.S. women are serving time in a state or federal prison with increased rates to one in every 100 among black women in their late 30s.Women currently represent about 7% of the overall state and federal prison population and 24% of individuals on community watchfulness. Substance use and abuse have been consistently reported as major contributing factors in the increasing population of women offenders. Some have argued that increased attention to substance users during the late 1980s and 1990s during the war on drugs had particular adverse consequences for women. A majority of women offenders have a history of drug use and drug-related offenses. ConclusionIn closing, the source never realized to a great extent of the problem ofwomen in prison. This book, Women behind Bars and also many outside resources has enlightened on the writer of the growing issue of female incarceration. Women in prison is a problem in itself, then leading to all of the other problems these women face while in prison. The struggles that women go through, go unnoticed, and more people should be awake(predicate) of the increasing problem. Finally, this book, can help focus attention on this growing population of women prisoners, and maybe one day something can be done about this increasing issue.The writer believes that alcoholism and addiction is a disease. Because it is a disease, communities should address it as a health issue and not a criminal justice issue. poundage only removes a symptom, but does not cure the problem. The number of women incarcerated is steadily rising at frightening rates. When you inc arcerate a woman, most often, you are also incarcerating a mother. The state not only pays to house the offender, but often pays for the care of the children of the offender as well.Women offenders have special needs many of which revolve around their children. department of corrections should be perceived as a positive and helping connection, not a punitive one. In our present system, unfortunately, the women must often first fail before they are given the level of treatment they indispensable in the beginning. A new approach to corrections, one that offers a passing structured environment and stresses accountability, as well as, addressing the individual needs of each offender will not only save money, but also more importantly, it will save lives. In addition, communities should take responsibility and become involved in getting and giving education, reaching out to their communities to offer assistance helping addicts find hope through programs that take a holistic approach to their disease.Addicts need programs that heal body, mind and, most importantly, their embarrassed spirit. If needs are responded to on a personal level, in a way that engenders trust and confidence, women offenders can begin to hope again and the lives of families can be rebuilt.If people do not have hope, there is aught to strive for, no reason to change. Instead of incarceration, I believe it would be more cost-effective to put women offenders in a community based program similar to the work release program that is used for prisoners after incarceration. These programs would allow the individual tomaintain a job, yet they would be held responsible for all their time. They would receive counseling on an individual basis pitch toward each ones individual needs. The best programs combine supervision and services to address the specialized needs of female offenders in highly structured, safe environments where accountability is stressed.In conclusion, I believe that if communitie s would make an effort to educate themselves and their communities about the disease of alcoholism and addiction, they would begin to understand the order of the problem. Although there are no easy solutions, one must consider the responsibility of educating our children, offer new and innovative programs that heal holistically, and most importantly, get responsibility that as citizens one must reach out to help those in our communities who are struggling, offering them hope, support and encouragement.ReferencesAmerican Academy of Arts & Sciences. (2011) Retrieved fromhttp//www.amacad.org/projects/incarceration.aspxAustin, J., Irwin, J. (2001). Its About Time Americas Imprisonment Binge. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Co Belknap, J. (2001). The Invisible Woman. sexual activity, Crime and Justice. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Co. Bloom, B., Chesney-Lind, M., Owen, B. (1994). Women in California Prisons Hidden Victims of the War on Drugs. San Francisco, CA Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice. Bloom, B., Chesney-Lind, M. ( 2000). Women in Prison Vengeful Equity. In Its a Crime Women and Criminal Justice. Roslyn Muraskin, (ed.), pp. 183-204. Upper Saddle River, New tee shirt Prentice Hall. Buchanan, K. (2005). Beyond Modesty Privacy in Prison and The Risk Of Sexual Abuse. Marquette Law Review, 88(4), pp. 751-813. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1994). Special Report Women in Prison. Washington, DC US Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1999). Women Offenders. Washington, DC US Department of Justice. Davis, A. (1998). Public Imprisonment and Private Violence Reactions on the HiddenPunishment of Women. Crim. & Civ. Confinement, 24, pp. 339-350. Editors. (2006). U.S. Inmate Populations on the Rise U.S. Leads World in Number of Incarcerated. Correctional News. Harrison, P., Beck, J. (2006). Prisoners in 2005. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Human Right Watch. (2010) Sexual Abuse of Women in U.S. State Prisons. Retrieved from http//www.hrw. org/Immarigeon, R., Chesney-Lind, M. (1992). Womens Prisons Overcrowded and Overused.National Council on Crime and Delinquency. San Francisco, CA Kupers, T. (1999). Prison Madness The Mental Health Crisis Behind Bars and What We MustDo About It. San Francisco Jossey-Bass Publishers.Lalonde, R., Cho, R. (2008). The Inpact of Incarceration in State Prison on the EmploymentProspects of Women. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 24, 243-265, 23.doi 10.1007/s10940-008-9050Mauer, M, Potler, C., Wolf, R. (1999). Gender and Justice Women Drugs and Sentencing Policy. The Sentencing Project. Washington, DCOwen, B. (2000). Women and Imprisonment in the United States The Gendered Consequencesof the US Imprisonment Binge. In Harsh Punishments International Experiences ofWomens Imprisonment. Cook and Davies (Eds.) pp. 81-98. Northeastern Press. Streib, V. (2002). Gendering the devastation Penalty Countering Sex Bias in a Masculine Sancutary. Ohio State law Journal, 63Talvi, S. (2007). Women Beh ind Bars The Crisis of Women in the U.S. Prison System. Emeryville, CA Seal Press.Van Denend, J. (2010). Melanie Klein, Drug Crimes, and Women. Studies in Gender &Sexuality, 11, 10-23. doi 10.1080/15240650903445799http//www.sentencingproject.org/ usher/page.cfm?id=107http//www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/women_prison.pdf

Six Sigma for Sustainability in Multinational Organizations

sextette Sigma For Sustain ability In international Organizations Journal of argument Case Studies may/June 2011 masses 7, Number 3 half-dozen Sigma For Sustainability In Multinational Organizations Abdullah AlSagheer, Hamdan Bin Mohammed e-University, Dubai UAE ABSTRACT The 6 Sigma feign provides various kinds of sustainability to companies in c all told(prenominal) of whole tone enhancement, nobody flee train, commercialise shargon enhancement, optimum production level and monetary repays. Multinational companies be more than oriented toward impl ementation of cardinal Sigma than small scale locally held companies.Numerous bigger companies present so far implemented sise Sigma including 3M, bozo, Merrill Lynch, Bank of the States, Amazon. com, DHL, SGL group, Dell, Ford Motor Company, DuPont, McGraw Hi ll Companies and HSBC group. Implementation of sexteter Sigma requires administer adequate to(p) exist and effort in terms of charitable resource trai ning and reformulation of avocation processes. This bea is an attempt to govern what kind of sustainability motivates transnational companies to invest in six Sigma. Sustainability identify accommodates sociable sustainability, surroundal sustainability, and sparing sustainability.With the aid of interviews, a constant similitude con is conducted in order to find the or so preva lent lawsuit of sustainability commotioned by sixsome Sigma. A sample is drawn from transnational companies which have already implemented vi Sigma in their operations. The findings suggest that transnational companies implement sextet Sigma in order to attain econom ic sustainability by dint of with(predicate) various operator such(prenominal)(prenominal) as market sh are, guest base, and br otherly sustainability. Keywords cardinal Sigma sustainability transnationals sparing sustainability nada defect level monetary sustainabilityINTRODUCTION T he existence is witnessing a refo rmed shape of business, an approach more foc commitd on feel and customer care. The traditional concept of supplier orientation has shifted to customer orientation and traditional meaning of quality has also limitingd. prize way, outflankow quality counsel, zero defect level, dispose focusing, continual receipts and half dozen Sigma have evolved over the period of time to meet quality requirements of customers. apiece having a slighter unlike and updated focus of quality, half a dozen S igma is the most barbel approach. hexad Sigma is a quality management initiative that takes the systemological approach base on data attempting to eli minate the defects to minimize standard deviation to want level of quality ( 6 Sigma, 2010). The show is focused to find sustainability that Six Sigma take ins in transnationals. Small businesses, due to their small scale and low organized processes wait difficulties while implementing six sigma processes. stupefy arena finds th e sustainability that six sigma provides to larger transnational organizations in terms of nine, environment and pecuniary come back.Background Of Study Initiated by Motorola, Six Sigma has mostly been ob pay heeded by number of multinational, larger scale companies. A few to mentioned includes 3M, Merrill Lynch, Bank of America, Amazon. com, DHL, SGL group, Dell, Ford Motor troupe, DuPont, McGraw Hill Companies, HSBC group, United States regular army and numerous new(prenominal)s (Gupta, 2005). It is pertinent to nonice that mostly multinational an d larger companies have adopted Six Sigma (Wiele, Iwaarden and Power, 2010).Literature and actual implementation of Six Sigma largely reflects the fact that multinational companies are more inclined towards adoption of Six Sigma as it produces multifacete d sustainability. Core reasons of this adoption is that multinational afford higher(prenominal) cost of training, higher technical expertise requirement and more encourage proc esses (Gupta, 2005). 2011 The Clute Institute 7 Journal of championship Case Studies whitethorn/June 2011 volume 7, Number 3 Statement Of The Research ProblemMultinational organizations adopts six sigma as it offer them sustainability and diversity however, it is important to learn what slip of sustainability does six sigma provide to the companies. The vegetable marrow interrogation question to be address is what kind of sustainability is largely provided by S ix Sigma in multinational companies. The shopping center question is back up by some(prenominal) vicarious questions such as is it in terms of financial success, corporate friendly responsibility, market share or business? s notoriety for scoop up practices? Does the core objective of Six Sigma is to bring financial success?How companies define sustainability and what do they want to achieve through Six Sigma? Purpose And Signifi stopce Of The Study The correction is headinged to drill pour down into concep t of sustainability provided by Six Sig ma. It is important to learn how quality management and draw neard quality approaches are helping companies to improve their take to the woods and readiness. The study is a guideline for companies that have not ventured for Six Sigma. Many multinational companies such as IBM, Microsoft and Royal Dutch Shell are using their customized quality approach (Schwandt and Marquardt, 2000).The study will ardently provide a basis of comparison betwixt Six Sigma companies and customized quality approaches for future researc h. Moreover, it is momentous from Six Sigma companies view point by assisting into achievable sustainability that Six Sigma tush add to their businesses. Review Of The Literature A wide grade of literature is present which draws on Six Sigma, sustainabil ity and sustainability brought by Six Sigma in multinational companies in different perspectives. Six Sigma has a history of twenty dollar bill four years and theorists ha ve widely discussed its different aspects.The literature ab initio defines how Six Sigma working f or multinational companies and what the term sustainability ideally reflects. In later part, the literature reviews the sustainability truly brought by Six Sigma in companies and the core aim of adopting Six Sigma in different companies. Six Sigma For Quality focussing Six Sigma is highly potent implementation of proven quality principles and techniques. The approach works for virtually error free business performance. In Six Sigma, the play along? s performance is measured by the sigma level of businesses process (Pyzdek and Keller, 2009).An approach focused on establishing world class performance bench marks provides road map for attaining zero error level. evidently Six Sigma is associated with the enhancing quality of good and function, nevertheless, it brings efficiency and forcefulness in processes throughout the organization (Truscott, 2003). Six Sigma approach marvelou sly improves quality as it objectively looks into quality measurement. Henderson and Evans (2000) McCarty and Fisher (2007) stated that Six Sigma make measurement possible through its multi dimensional statistical mannikin.The model is primarily focused on three aspects i -e sigma statistics, sigma measure and performance benchmark however no element specifically identifies the le vel of sustainability (Truscott, 2009). Turscott (2009) further exemplifies the Six Sigma implementation by looking at following daily life examples Process sigma mensurate 2 3 4 5 6 Source Truscott (2009) 8 Table 1 Six Sigma Implementation from Daily Life forecast of Time without electricity 207 h 45 h 4h 9 min 8 sec Aircraft accidents 8 per 10 flights 24 per 100 flights 25 per 1000 flights 9 per 10,000 flights 12 per million flights 2011 The Clute Institute Journal of line Case Studies May/June 2011 loudness 7, Number 3 Six Sigma works on principles of continuous advantage Coronado and Antony (200 2) resembles the Six Sigma as a twine which begins with delimit the goals of usefulness activity i -e benchmarking of quality serve and leads to bar of existing syste m. In Six Sigma, measuring the existing administration is frequently termed as gap analysis (Antony, 2006). The next component of Six Sigma loop works with identifying the ways to remove the gap and change the present system (Thareja, 2006).If Six Sigma loop stops at continuous improvement, it will more likely consider as total quality management (Khan, 2003). Sustainability The other core element of Six Sigma implementation is the sustainability which it brings to the organization. oecumenicly downstairsstanding sustainability, sustainability is best specify by world commission on environment and growing (1987) stating that sustainable development is development that meets the need of present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own n eeds.Fricker (1998) defined sustainabili ty as vision of future that provides a road map while counseling on certain set of ethical and moral take accounts which whitethorn guide the actions of an entity. Looking sustainability in details, it mainly focuses on three aspec ts i-e economic result, social progress and environmental protection (Munier, 2006). Sustainability involves masses, capital resources, natural resources, environment and institution. Fricker (1998) further added that sustainability is not save an end result of processes rather it continuous seeking of quality behavior.An organization is said to be sustainable if its people are willing to bring a change and embrace the change in conclusion leading toward sustainable organizational design (Shrivastava and Director, 1995). In an organizational perspective particularly, sustainability refers to the value addition from Six Sigma. The dimension of sustainability includes variation elimination, suss out on new processes, statistical controls, centraliz ed complexity, precision, accuracy and effectiveness in business process (Giardina, 2006).An addition in traditional Six Sigma is lean Six Sigma which primarily focuses on improved process flow (Reiling, 2008). due(p) to difference of focus, the perspective for sustainability also varies. In Six Sigma, the sustainability refers to utmost calibration with zero defects whereas lean Six Sigma emphasize sustainability as identification of value, defining value stream, determining flow, defining pull and improving process in every business function such as marketing, finance and management (Taghizadegan, 2006). Sustainability Achieved Through Six SigmaMultinational companies have adopted Six Sigma for variety of purposes however, the core goal was to attain financial sustainability through improved processes and break away work flow (Poudlove, Moxham and Boaden, 2008) however, the financial success is achieved through multidimensional quality improvements (Mahadevan, 2010). common Mo tors reduced its disposal costs by $12 million through kanban system an integral part of Six Sigma. Similar to this, Robins Air fight tie-up, C -130 paint shop reduced likewisels material and equipment by 39% and $373,800 in direct operating savings (Giardina, 2006). M was among few companies which initiated to adopt Six Sigma. 3M upgraded to lean Six Sigma and its purpose was to attain environmental stability. The alliance is pioneer in use of lean Six Sigma manners and tools to improve operations and quality. In first footstep, the smart set trained it s 100,000 employees for Six Sigma in order to attain the ope rational number sustainability. 3M achieved multi facet results such as improvement in energy efficiency from 20% to 27% and reduction in waste index to net sales from 25% to 30%.All these achievements are aimed toward attaining environmental sustainability and operational sustainability. Till 2005, savings from the lean Six Sigma determine was amounted to $1 meg which was do possible by reducing pollution, improving workflow, equipment redesign, process subdivision and product reformulation (3M range Six-Sigma and Sustainability, 2010). Byrne (2007) also asserts that companies implement Six Sigma to drive the innovation. The first five years of lean Six Sigma helped many companies to improve their results such as attained by Caterpillar.Weber (2004) also quotes Caterpillar as achiever from Six Sigma. In September 2004, Caterpillar was $20 million Company and Caterpillar was aimed to increase the revenues by $10 billion in first decade of lean Six Sigma implementation. Weber (2004) contrasts with Byrne (2007) in the context that caterpillar wanted to attain the innovation 2011 The Clute Institute 9 Journal of trading Case Studies May/June 2011 Volume 7, Number 3 sustainability. According to Weber (2004), caterpillar was focused on achieving financial stability. The confederacy? top management has highlighted that Caterpillar manageme nt such as chief operating officer has claimed that Six Sigma was the important contribution toward increase in sales of caterpillar. Six Sigma is also driving the continuous improvement culture in the alliance and business is gaining efficiency in all respects (Weber, 2004). Hilton (2008) identifies several companies such as Motorola, General Electric, Dell Computer, Dow Chemicals, Wal-Mart and Honeywell who implemented Six Sigma and attained measurable results. General electric saved $8 billion after mplementing Six Sigma in three years and Wall -Marts is looking for savings of $1 billion from lean Six Sigma (Leahy, 2000). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Study invent Decision to implement of Six Sigma comes from organizational leaders. Since every organization is grotesque and has its own requirements, therefore company? s internal management fucking determine the potential bene scenerys to be achieved by the Six Sigma (Bertels, Rath & Strong, 2003). Defining objectives for the company and preparing employees to accept change occurred through Six Sigma is responsibility of top management and leaders.According to Pande (2003), Six Sigma lies in the vision of top management and only they burn down decide what sustainability they want from Six Sigma. On these grounds, the study seeks direct interaction with top management approximately sustainability desired from Six Sigma. The fall out method provides inquiryer with an ease of open communication and allows sharing of ideas and thoughts. Surveys are considered best when opinion and ideas of people are important in shaping a conclusion (Groves, Fowler, Couper, Lepkowski and Eleanor, 2009). The study adopted cross section survey method as its core research methodology.In survey, interview tool was used to accumulate data right away from top management of multinational companies. Cross sectioned survey are used to collect randomness at a single point in time and helps to establish the relationship between two en tities (Babbie, 1990). Brief organise interviews were conduct ed to collect the data from participants. Participants Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Purposive sampling provides an opportunity to select participants on a specific criterion which fits to the purpose of study (Teddlie and Tashakkori, 2009).For present study, interviewees were selected on number of criteria such as listed at a lower place ? ? ? The participants belong to a multinational company which has already implemented Six Sigma. The participant works on multinational on any key managerial position directly associated with decision making. Such participants include chief operating officers, chief executive officers, senior finance managers, chief information manager, information technology head, information technology specialist and senior management.Participant has been working in the organization in advance the Six Sigma was implemented in the company. Data Collection And Data synopsis S ince it was difficult to visit such participants personally due to geographical constraints, int erviews were conducted on telephone where personal visit was not possible. After getting the list of multinational companies who have implemented the Six Sigma, the information tentative participants were accumulate using official websites and Chamber of Commerce websites. The contact information, permission and appellative for an interview were also obtained via telephone.The interviews could not be recorded as permission was not granted however notes were taken during the interview and were later converted into text manually. The text was later analyzed using software option QDA and patterns were obtained. Constant comparison approach was used to compare the interview written matter and to obtain the patterns. According to Glaser and Strauss (1967), constant c omparison approach helps to develop a 10 2011 The Clute Institute Journal of Business Case Studies May/June 2011 Volume 7, Number 3 theory about the phenomenon.The constant comparison is made through development of codes and subsequently, a theory is veritable. The interviews were structured and comprised of 15 -20 twenty minute each. In all, twoscore two participants from different companies were interviewed. The participants includes senior finance managers, chief executive officers, IT managers, chief operating officers and in some cases directors of companies also. The participants companies include Maple will Foods, Pakistan International Airlines, Pakistan State Oil, Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Deere and Company, Bank of Montreal, McGraw Hill Companies and Vodafone.Findings And Analysis telephonic and face to face interviews were conducted to collect the data from participants. In all forty two participants were interviewed which included executives and managers. The stratification of participants on basis of their designation is provided below Senior pay Managers Chief Executive Officers IT Managers Chief Operating Officers Directors innate Table 2 Stratification of Participants on Designation Participants 12 7 14 5 4 42 %age Participation 29% 17% 33% 12% 10% 100% The interviews were brief and structured (Appendix A).Primarily the interviews were focused to know what type of sustainability motivates the multinational companies to invest in Six Sigma. Using the constant comparison approach, the interviews text was a nalyzed for patterns. Two level coding was performed using Weft QDA as the purpose was to find which type of sustainability is acquired through Six Sigma. some(prenominal) codes were found which were emerged. Redundant codes were merged to draw out constant flow of i nformation. Primary and secondary research questions are addressed through several divisions discussed heere Core Objective Of Six Sigma subaltern research questions inquiring core objectives of Six Sigma were addressed through themes such as tilt, zero defect level and financi al success. As reflected by most of the, Six Sigma is implemented to stay hawkish with other companies. Participants concluded that multinational companies needs to build corporate repute which increases their market share and Six Sigma is nowa twenty-four hourss used as tool to reflect that company is taking endeavors for improving quality. This at first hands improves the competitive position of the company.Regional finance Manager of Vodafone assert that The impacts of Six Sigma are long term and may be seen afterwards however the company instantly start attaining repute after implementation of advance quality model . COO of Maple Lead Foods was also of the view that To remain competitive in market, continuous improvement in every aspect is necessary. Six-Sigma is also aimed to help us in enhancement in our market image in eye of competitors valetudinarianism President (Finance) of Bank of Montreal endorsed the same by stating Other larger banks have already implemented simil ar models which has raised customers expectation.We are aimed to attain better market position by implementing an optimal service quality model. Second prevailing theme for core objectives of Six Sigma was quality improvement. Six-Sigma really helps to improve quality, we can see the difference. Processes are now more competent and speedy stated by IT manager of Starwood Hotels. CEO of Pakistan International Airlines take a firm stand that The model has helped to stay efficient and had reduced our effort in day to day activities. We are now more competent for offering quality solutions to our passengers and to our suppliers.COO of Pakistan State Oil stated the fact Six Sigma has reduce our effective time to market and we had a desire to attain so from this model implementa tion. 2011 The Clute Institute 11 Journal of Business Case Studies May/June 2011 Volume 7, Number 3 Third objective as extracted from most of interviews was the ability of Six Sigma to improve financial posi tion of the company. It is evolved from the interviews that almost all companies are highly profit oriented and Six Sigma is adopted as a tool to attain financial success. Most of the company? executives reflected that Six Sigma is not merely adopted for financial success however, the responses can be considered as attempt to act in socially desirable manner. Executives of large multinational companies may not always admit that their specific endeavor is merely for scratch. Reflection about company? s high concern toward profits can harm its repute as socially responsible company (Stocke, 2003). CEO of Pakistan State Oil endorsed that We beneathstand Six-Sigma reduces material wastage and improves supply chain of mountains activities.Ultimately, it leads to overall cost reduction . COO of Maple Leaf Foods also asserted that Six-Sigma do cost to use however, we expect a positive shine in terms of market repute ultimately translated in financial success. Senior Vice President (Fin ance) of Deere and Company stated, It is important to look all projects from financial perspective. We considered the cost and benefit analysis of Six Sigma as fundamental step for deciding on the project. How Companies Understand Sustainability Secondary question pertaining to sustainability was explained with themes uch as financial stability, improvement in quality, optimal productivity, social responsibility, environmental protection and value addition to the company. The most prevalent theme emerged for sustainability is financial success and optimal productivity. As reflected by all participants, the indigenous meaning of sustainability is financial success and optimal produc tion with minimum defects. Multinational companies consider financial success as the foremost sustainability to be achieved through zero defect level.In opinion of CEO of Pakistan International Airline A company can only be socially responsible when it is financial sustainable. For me, sustainability is the financial success which enables PIA to be sustainable in other areas too. IT Manager of McGraw Hill Companies highlighted the fact that when I deliberate of sustainability, I think of higher financial return earned on investments of shareholders. Finance till of John Deer and Company however, considered value addition as dead on target sustainability by stating We are sustainable when our products are able to generate value for our company.Endorsed by director of Starwood Hotels, We are sustainable when are able to offer highest with the lowest sources, this means Starwood is sustainable in terms of services and in its corporate framework. The other prevalent theme about sustainability was environmental protection and corporate social responsibility. Director of Deere and Company defined sustainability as We are sustainable when we are harmless to society and its stakeholders. IT manager of Bank of Montreal highlighted the same fact Sustainability is an attempt to be product ive for the society and for its members. Sustainability Attained Through Six SigmaThe literal meaning of sustainability identified by participants is different from the sustainability desired to be attained through Six Sigma. spot analyzing the interviews, the most prevalent theme of sustainability attained through Six Sigma was zero defect level, optimal production and financial success. The primary research questions of study i-e what kind of sustainability is largely provided by Six Sigma in multinational companies. The multinational companies mostly reflected that Six Sigma has helped them in improving production and services ultimately translated into financial success.The primary research question was aimed to find what kind of sustainability has actually been provided by implementing Six Sigma. This has further been identified by secondary research question about core aim of Six Sigma and understanding of sustainability by multinational companies. Six Sigma has helped us ach ieve financial success identified by CEO of Deere and Company. Further elaborated by CEO of Deere and Company, Six Sigma has helped us in improving human resource functions, customer services and low cost.Ultimately, all these types of sustainability are translated into financial success. Our employee satisfaction has increases which have helped to reduce material wastage and become process efficient. Reduced employee turnover and reduced manufacturing cost. overdue to Six -Sigma implementation has considerably helped out to increase financial viability. Finance Manger of Vodafone highlights the sustainability achieved through implementation of Six Sigma Vodafone market share has increase as well as its financial returns.Six-Sigma has offered us financial sustainability as well as market sustainability. 12 2011 The Clute Institute Journal of Business Case Studies May/June 2011 Volume 7, Number 3 As revealed in the present study, Six Sigma sustainability bears a multifaceted conce pt for organizations. Sustainability is primarily offered by Six Sigma however, every company takes the Six Sigma fr om a different perspective. It is not only the perspective which differs, rather the organizations adopts several ways to occur to a single sustainable point which is common in all organizations.Organizations? understanding of sustainability is contrasting with the requirements of equip on Environment and Development (1987) exposition of sustainability. Multinational organizations are working for material sustainability instead of focusing on developing sustainability for creating conductive environment for future changes (Ethier, 1986). Sustainability as defined by Shrivastava and Director (1995) has not been addressed by multinational companies in its fullest. Multinational organizations? ore aim to adopt Six Sigma was either to remain competitive with the other companies or to attain zero defect level along with financial sustainability. In addition, the sustain ability is taken by multinational companies in terms of effectiveness in business process which are capable enough to be translated into fi nancial success (Giardina, 2006). The concept of Giardina (2006) and Taghizadegan (2006) are closely aligned and both fit to the present understanding of organizational sustainability to be achieved through Six Sigma.Sustainability as identified by organizations holds multiple meaning and multinational organization use Six Sigma to escalate from one sustainability to other such as optimal production to higher market share and ultimately into financial success (Muneir 2006). Actual sustainability as reflected by 3M experience and Robins Air Force Base attained financial sustainability through Six Sigma. 3M saved $1 billion by implementing Six Sigma by the way of product reformulation, process ramification and equipment redesign (Giardina, 2006).Amalgamating secondary and prime research question about sustainability provided by Six Sigma, it is ev ident from the study that multinational companies are more concern with multidimensional sustainability however the financial sustainability is mostly desired sustainability. Multinational companies are focused on achieving financial stability using different sustainability routes such as value addition, process improvement, human resource process improvement and market sustainability. The financial sustainabili ty is the ultimate goal however, achieved through various type of sustainability.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Six Sigma is a multidimensional approach for improving process efficiency and attaining sustainability. Six Sigma has traditionally been adopted by multinational companies due to several reasons such as higher concern for quality, higher availability to resources and competitive business environment. Initially Six Sigma was introduced by Motorola however soon it became an advance model for improvi ng quality. Larger companies such as 3M, Deere and Company, Caterpillar, B ank of America and McGraw Hill Companies are already sustainability through Six Sigma.The study has an aim to find what kind of sustainability is being obtained by implementation of Six Sigma. Several theorists have identified several types of sustainability few including process improvement, financial sustainability, market share, value addition, corporate reputation all broadly covered under social repute, environment protection and economic growth. The study directly interacts with participants and adopts qualitative research methodology to address the subject matter. Under qualitative study, survey design and interview tools are used for making constant comparison analysis of all interviews.With constant comparison, several themes were emerged to address the primary and secondary research question. Primarily, Six Sigma is multifaceted and holds several aspects variably been considered by multinational companies. Organizations are less concerned with environment protection, mode rately concerned with social repute such as competitive position in eyes o f competitors and highly concerned with economic growth. The economic growth widely covers financial returns attained through different routes such as increase in market share, economies of scale production, minimum input cost and low employee turnover.Mu ltinational companies? ultimate objective is to increase financial returns by identifying market share increase, customer base enhancement, zero defect level and rivalry as secondary objectives. For multinational companies, aim and sustainability of Si x Sigma varies as most of companies considers Six Sigma as a way to meet competition however, sustainability is associated with financial success. The combination of sustainability and Six Sigma ultimately translated into sustainable financial return which helps the company to increase its market competitiveness. 2011 The Clute Institute 13Journal of Business Case Studies May/June 2011 Volume 7, Number 3 Im plications For Future Research Six Sigma is not a new issue nevertheless the issue has mainly been addressed by developed counties. Mostly, the organizations that have implemented Six Sigma belong to developed nations. In few cases, companies of small underdeveloped countries have implemented Six Sigma and have reaped significant benefits from implementation of Six Sigma. The study identifies such companies and reflects on sustainability provided such as financial returns markets share increase, environmental protection, zero defect level and o thers.In this way, it is a guide for small companies which have shut up not implemented Six Sigma considering it as an expensive way to quality. The study provides a guide to companies about the benefits attained through Six Sigma and serve as guidelines for companies who have not yet implemented Six Sigma. Present study is an initial research on sustainability provided to multinational companies. The study is under limited scope as it colle cts data from CEOs of only few companies. A large number of compa nies and their top executives are still untapped to withdraw several types of sustainability provided.In addition to this, sustainability with respect to industry and type of business can also be identified to customize the Six Sigma for specific businesses. The study is a subject measurement of sustainability generally drawn on all type nevertheless, leaving a significant margin to calculate financial sustainability provided to these companies. The study is a base for future studies as first step of id entification of top most sustainability provided by Six Sigma has been completed.The base study can be utilized for identification and statically measurement of market, financial, environmental and social sustainability provided. In addition, a comparison can be made between multinational and domestic or small vs. larger scale companies for the financial return improvement or customer base enhancement. AUTHOR BIOGRAPH Y Dr. Abdullah AlSagheer is an assistant Professor of Management at the e -School of Quality and Business Management at the Hamdan Bin Mohammed e-University. He is teaching undergraduate courses level such as TQM Implementation, Capstone Project.In addition, he is teaching graduate courses level such as Strategic Management of Innovation and Technological change. Dr. AlSagheer has PhD in program line and Human Resource Studies specialized in Interdisciplinary Studies (Industrial and Human haunt Management Engineering) and M. Ed Education and Human Resource Studies specialized in Interdisciplinary Studies (Industrial and Human Recourse Management Engineering) from Colorado State University (CSU). He received Master of Science in Electrical Engineering specialized in Integrated Systems & Strategic Project Management.His undergraduate degrees wer e bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering and a double study in Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from atomic number 2 0 State University Long Beach (CSULB). Dr. AlSagheer research focuses in strategic management, coping stone courses, entrepreneurship and leadership, total quality management, ergonomics and human factor engineering, curriculum development, human resource management, management training, teamwork, innovation strategies, engineering management, and industrial engineering. 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Six sigma continual improvement fo r business a practical guid e Referex Engineering, Butterworth-Heinemann, pp-15-35 Wiele, T. , Iwaarden, J. , and Power, D. 2010. Six Sigma implementation in Ireland the role of multinational firms? , International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 27 No. 9, pp- 1054 66. 2011 The Clute Institute 15 Journal of Business Case Studies May/June 2011 Volume 7, Number 3 NOTES 16 2011 The Clute Institute